The chemistry and scope of gadolinium  and gadolinium compounds is reviewed here. We manufacture all these compounds and in most instances with these rare earth products , it is important to know the method of manufacture, solubilities, assays and trace impurities.

Rare earth compounds were named not because the individual rare earth elements are rare but because each individual rare earth element rarely exists as a single element but a s a mixture of rare earth elements.  In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of didymium and gadolinite; French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, from Mossander's yttria in 1886. The element itself was isolated only recently. Gadolinium, like the mineral gadolinite, is named after Finnish chemist and geologist Johan Gadolin.

The composition of monozite ore is the basis for rare earth impurities found in gadolinium compounds and the level of impurities is directly related to the separation and source of these ores. Gadolinium is produced both from monazite and bastnasite. Crushed minerals are attacked by hydrochloric or sulfuric acid that transforms insoluble rare-earth oxides into soluble chlorides or sulfates. The acidic filtrates are partially neutralized with caustic soda to pH 3-4. Thorium precipitates out of solution as hydroxide and is removed. After that the solution is treated with ammonium oxalate to convert rare earths in to their insoluble oxalates. The oxalates are converted to oxides by annealing. The oxides are dissolved in nitric acid that excludes one of the main components, cerium, whose oxide is insoluble in HNO₃. The solution is treated with magnesium nitrate to produce a crystallized mixture of double salts of gadolinium, samarium and europium. The salts are separated by ion exchange. In this process, rare-earth ions are sorbed onto suitable ion-exchange resin by exchange with hydrogen, ammonium or cupric ions present in the resin. The rare earth ions are then selectively washed out by suitable complexing agent.

Level of impurities:

 99.9%(REO)  1000ppm total rare earth oxide impurities

99.99%(REO)  100ppm total rare earth oxide impurities

99.999%(REO)  10ppm total rare earth oxide impurities

99.9999%(REO)  1ppm total rare earth oxide impurities

For a certificate of analysis for any of these products ordered contact: techservice@rareearthproducts.com

Gadolinium chloride, bromide and nitrates are isolated as the hexahydrates and are very soluble in water. Anhydrous halides are also available. Gadolinium acetate is somewhat soluble in water. (It is important to work with the manufacturer of your rare earth products because in the case of acetates the solubility varies widely depending on the method of manufacture and reaction conditions.

A new exciting gadolinium compound is gadolinium trifluoroacetate which is very soluble in water and has new uses as a catalyst in organic synthesis. Gadolinium oxalate, carbonate and sulfate are insoluble in water and exist as a defined hydrate. These compounds can also be dehydrated.

Another example of purchasing rare earth compounds from a known manufacturer is gadolinium fluoride. The rare earth fluorides are used in advanced material  films, lens and glasses. In virtually all applications the fluoride should be carbonate free. Rare Earth Products, Inc. uses a proprietary process to make carbonate free rare earth fluorides.

Rare earth Products, Inc makes the most extensive list of rare earth metal beta diketonates. These organometallic compounds are used for MOCVD, spin coating, catalysts and NMR shift reagents to name a few advanced applications. The compounds offered include rare earth metal complexes with

acetylacetonate or 2,4-pentanedionate ACAC

 hepatfluorodimethyloctanedionate FOD

hexafluoracetylacetonate HFAC

tetrametylheptanedionate TMHD 

trifluroacetylacetonate TFAC

chiral ligands OPT etc.

 Most of these compounds are used because of  the physical vapor pressure, volatility and organic solvent solubility. Contact our technical service department to get physical data such as melting points, sublimation temperatures,  solubility,  boiling points,  etc - techservice@rareearthproducts.com.

Rare Earth Products, Inc also manufactures the organic soluble compounds gadolinium 2-ethylhexanoate and gadolinium cyclohexanebutyrate. These metal organic  compounds are soluble in organic solvents. We can also custom synthesize various rare earth compounds by adding various ligands, dehydrating and coordinating various organic solvents to enhance non polar solubility. Contact techservice@rareearthproducts.com.

The intermetallics gadolinium sulfide, gadolinium selenide and gadolinium telluride are available upon request. Gadolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate or gadolinium triflate is available and useful as a Friedel -Crafts catalyst as the anhydrous salt or the hydrate. A new compound gadolinium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate is used as a thermal laser dye

 

 

 

Gadolinium

G, 6411	Gadolinium acetate tetrahydrate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 15280-53-2 ]	25gm	$32.00
			100gm	$118.00
G, 6425	Gadolinium acetate tetrahydrate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 15280-53-2 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$82.00
G, 6403K	Gadolinium acetylacetonate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 14284-87-8 ]	25gm	$108.00
			100gm	$405.00
G, 6414	Gadolinium bromide hydrate, 99.99% (REO)		10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$72.00
G, 6416	Gadolinium carbonate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 38245-36-2 ]	25gm	$33.00
			100gm	$123.00
G, 6426	Gadolinium carbonate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 38245-36-2 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$79.00
G, 6412	Gadolinium chloride hydrate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 19423-81-5 ]	25gm	$30.00
			100gm	$113.00
G, 6427	Gadolinium chloride hydrate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 19423-81-5 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$68.00
G, 6423	Gadolinium chloride,anhydrous, 99.9% (REO)	[ 10138-52-0 ]	25gm	$61.00
			100gm	$230.00
G, 6407	Gadolinium cyclohexanebutyrate, 99.9% (REO)		5gm	$99.00
			25gm	$464.00
G, 6406	Gadolinium 2-ethylhexanoate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 19189-19-6 ]	25gm	$58.00
			100gm	$218.00
G, 6413	Gadolinium fluoride, 99.9% (REO)	[ 13765-26-9 ]	25gm	$67.00
			100gm	$250.00
G, 6428	Gadolinium fluoride, 99.99% (REO)	[ 13765-26-9 ]	10gm	$40.00
			50gm	$187.00
G, 6404K	Gadolinium hexafluoroacetylacetonate, 99.9% (REO)		5gm	$109.00
			25gm	$515.00
G, 6427	Gadolinium hydroxide, 99.99%(REO)	[ 100634-91-1 ]	25gm	$108.00
			100gm	$408.00
G, 6415	Gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 19598-90-4 ]	25gm	$27.00
			100gm	$99.00
G, 6429	Gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 19598-90-4 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$75.00
G, 6417	Gadolinium oxalate decahydrate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 22992-15-0 ]	25gm	$26.00
			100gm	$82.00
G, 6430	Gadolinium oxalate decahydrate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 22992-15-0 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$57.00
G, 6410	Gadolinium oxide, 99.99% (REO)	[ 12064-62-9 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$67.00
G, 6410Q	Gadolinium oxide, 99.999% (REO)	[ 12064-62-9 ]	25gm	$45.00
			100gm	$167.00
G, 6422	Gadolinium phosphate, 99.9% (REO)		25gm	$69.00
			100gm	$259.00
G, 6419	Gadolinium sulfate octahydrate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 13450-87-8 ]	25gm	$39.00
			100gm	$147.00
G, 6431	Gadolinium sulfate octahydrate, 99.99% (REO)	[ 13450-87-8 ]	10gm	$26.00
			50gm	$108.00
G, 6418	Gadolinium sulfide, 99.9% (REO)		5gm	$63.00
			25gm	$294.00
G, 6435	Gadolinium trifluoroacetate, 99.9% (REO)		5gm	$58.00
			25gm	$272.00
G, 6408	Gadolinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 99.9% (REO)	[ 52093-29-5 ]	25gm	$122.00
			100gm	$459.00
G, 6440	Gadopentetic acid, 99.9% (REO)		25gm	$41.00
			100gm	$153.00
T, 6402K	Tris(6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octandionato)gadolinium, 99.9% (REO)	[ 14768-15-1 ]	1gm	$26.00
			5gm	$112.00
T, 6401K	Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)gadolinium, 99.9% (REO)	[ 14768-15-1 ]	2gm	$51.00
			10gm	$237.00